Licence and copyright agreement

Author’s certification

Copyright

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License

You are free to:

Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

Under the following conditions:

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licenser endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the licence permits.

Notices

  • The licenser cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the licence terms.
  • You do not have to comply with the licence for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
  • No warranties are given. The licence may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
  • The CC BY License, of which 4.0 is the recent version, was developed to facilitate open access – namely, free immediate access to, and unrestricted reuse of, original works of all types.
  • Under this liberal licence, authors agree to make posted materials legally available for reuse, without permission or fees, for virtually any purpose. Anyone may copy, distribute, or reuse these works, as long as the author and original source are properly cited. Thus, CC BY facilitates the dissemination, transfer, and growth of scientific knowledge.
  • Please read the full legal code of this licence.

Copyright transfers

Crown copyright

Reproduction request